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Comparing Lower middle inco...

Lower middle income and Upper middle income countries

Lower middle income
This group consists of 18 following countries: Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Rep, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Ghana, India, Lesotho, Mauritania, Morocco, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Zambia.
Upper middle income countries
This group consists of 12 following countries: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Brazil, China, Gabon, Libya, Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tunisia.

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Global Sustainable Competitiveness Indicator
- National attractiveness
  - Infrastructures
    - Transport and logistics
      - Nearest port
      - Connectivity index
      - Logistic Performance Index (LPI)
      - Adjusted connectivity index
      - Non desertic roads density
      - Roads density
      - Paved roads
      - Quality of roads infrastructure
      - General quality of infrastructures
      - General quality of railroads infrastructures
      - General quality of airport infrastructures
      - General quality of portuary infrastructures
    - Electricity and telecommunications
      - Access to mobile phone
      - Access to fixed telephone
      - Access to broadband internet
      - Access to electricity
      - Quality of electricity supply
      - Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index (0-8)
  - Market
    - Size and dynamics
      - Size of the national market
      - Size of the regional market
      - Population in the capital city
      - GDP per capita (current US $)
      - Average growth rate of the national economy (5 years)
      - Average growth rate of the regional economy (5 years)
      - Gini Index
    - Potential demand
      - Size of national middle class (Ferdi)
      - Size of regional middle class (Ferdi)
      - Percentage of the population over the UN poverty line
      - Percentage of the population living above the national poverty line
      - Middle class size (% of the population)
      - Flux of FDI per capita
      - Stock of FDI per capita
      - Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)
  - Human and financial capital
    - Human capital
      - Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
      - Life expectancy at birth
      - Human Development Index (HDI)
      - Pupil-teacher ratio
      - Youth literacy rate (% of people ages 15-24)
      - Gross enrollment ratio (secondary school)
      - Tertiary school enrollment rate
      - Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure)
      - Mean years of schooling of adults
      - Population with at least some secondary education
      - Quality of the education system
    - Financial capital
      - Access to financial institutions (FIA-FMI)
      - Soundness of banks
      - Avaibility of financial services
      - Affordability of financial services
      - Ease of acess to loans
      - Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)
      - Getting credit
      - Credit registry coverage (% of adults)
      - Credit bureau coverage (% of adults)
      - Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
      - Market capitalization in % of GDP
  - Political and economic governance
    - Economic governance
      - Ease to do business
      - Control of Corruption
      - Regulatory Quality
      - Government Effectiveness
      - Safety and rule of law
    - Political governance
      - Political Stability and Absence of violence
      - Voice and Accountability
      - Rule of Law
      - Polity2 (Polity IV)
      - Political rights and civil liberties
- Price competitiveness
  - Macroeconomic competitiveness
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on exportations)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on exportations)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on importations)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on importations)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on importations and exportations)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on importations and exportations)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on non-oil exports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on non-oil export)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on total non-oil imports and exports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on total non-oil imports and exports)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports and total exports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports and total exports)
    - PPP conversion factor ratio
    - Effective PPP conversion factor ratio (net of productivity)
  - Products competitiveness
    - Weighted average index of the Real Internal Exchange Rate (RIER) of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - RIER index of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted average index of the Real Internal Exchange Rate (RIER) of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
      - RIER index of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
    - Weighted average index of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - REER indices of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted average index of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
      - REER index of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
    - Weighted average index of the price of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - Price index of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted average index of price of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
      - Price index of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
- Durability and resistance to vulnerabilities
  - Economical vulnerability
    - Exposure
      - Population size
      - exports concentration
      - share of agriculture, forestry and fishery in GDP
    - Shocks
      - Victims of natural disasters
      - Instability of agricultural production
      - Instability of exports of good and services
  - Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI)
    - Risks related to progresssive shocks
      - Share of floods areas
      - Increasing aridity
    - Risks related to the intensification of recurrent shocks
      - Temperature shocks
      - Rainfall shocks
      - Storms
  - Internal Violence Index (IVI)
    - Internal armed conflicts
      - Deaths due to internal armed conflict
      - Internally displaced people
    - Criminality-homicides
    - Terrorism
      - Terrorist incidents
      - Deaths due to terrorism
      - injuries due to terrorism
    - Political violence
      - intensity of violence during regime changes
      - Intensity of violence caused by genocide and politicide
    - Regional violence
- Revealed competitivenes and economic performances
  - - Weighted market shares index of the 5 major exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - Market shares index of the 5 major exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted market shares index of the 5 major exported manufactured products
      - Market shares index of the 5 major exported manufactured products
    - Weighted average market share index (all primary exports)
    - Weighted average market share index (all manufactured exports)
    - Overall market share index (all primary exports)
    - Overall market share index (all manufactured exports)

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Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI)

Lower middle income: 55Upper middle income countries: 57

2020

Breakdown by component

2020	Lower middle income	Upper middle income countries
Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI)	55	57
Risks related to progresssive shocks Lower middle income: 42Upper middle income countries: 46	42	46
Risks related to the intensification of recurrent shocks Lower middle income: 62Upper middle income countries: 62	62	62

Lower middle income and Upper middle income countries

Lower middle income

Upper middle income countries

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Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI)

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