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Comparing Lower middle inco...

Lower middle income and Ethiopia

Lower middle income
This group consists of 18 following countries: Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Rep, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Ghana, India, Lesotho, Mauritania, Morocco, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Zambia.
Ethiopia

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Global Sustainable Competitiveness Indicator
- National attractiveness
  - Infrastructures
    - Transport and logistics
      - Nearest port
      - Connectivity index
      - Logistic Performance Index (LPI)
      - Adjusted connectivity index
      - Non desertic roads density
      - Roads density
      - Paved roads
      - Quality of roads infrastructure
      - General quality of infrastructures
      - General quality of railroads infrastructures
      - General quality of airport infrastructures
      - General quality of portuary infrastructures
    - Electricity and telecommunications
      - Access to mobile phone
      - Access to fixed telephone
      - Access to broadband internet
      - Access to electricity
      - Quality of electricity supply
      - Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index (0-8)
  - Market
    - Size and dynamics
      - Size of the national market
      - Size of the regional market
      - Population in the capital city
      - GDP per capita (current US $)
      - Average growth rate of the national economy (5 years)
      - Average growth rate of the regional economy (5 years)
      - Gini Index
    - Potential demand
      - Size of national middle class (Ferdi)
      - Size of regional middle class (Ferdi)
      - Percentage of the population over the UN poverty line
      - Percentage of the population living above the national poverty line
      - Middle class size (% of the population)
      - Flux of FDI per capita
      - Stock of FDI per capita
      - Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)
  - Human and financial capital
    - Human capital
      - Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
      - Life expectancy at birth
      - Human Development Index (HDI)
      - Pupil-teacher ratio
      - Youth literacy rate (% of people ages 15-24)
      - Gross enrollment ratio (secondary school)
      - Tertiary school enrollment rate
      - Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure)
      - Mean years of schooling of adults
      - Population with at least some secondary education
      - Quality of the education system
    - Financial capital
      - Access to financial institutions (FIA-FMI)
      - Soundness of banks
      - Avaibility of financial services
      - Affordability of financial services
      - Ease of acess to loans
      - Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)
      - Getting credit
      - Credit registry coverage (% of adults)
      - Credit bureau coverage (% of adults)
      - Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
      - Market capitalization in % of GDP
  - Political and economic governance
    - Economic governance
      - Ease to do business
      - Control of Corruption
      - Regulatory Quality
      - Government Effectiveness
      - Safety and rule of law
    - Political governance
      - Political Stability and Absence of violence
      - Voice and Accountability
      - Rule of Law
      - Polity2 (Polity IV)
      - Political rights and civil liberties
- Price competitiveness
  - Macroeconomic competitiveness
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on exportations)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on exportations)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on importations)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on importations)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on importations and exportations)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on importations and exportations)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on non-oil exports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on non-oil export)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on total non-oil imports and exports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on total non-oil imports and exports)
    - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports and total exports)
    - Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) Index (weighting based on non-oil imports and total exports)
    - PPP conversion factor ratio
    - Effective PPP conversion factor ratio (net of productivity)
  - Products competitiveness
    - Weighted average index of the Real Internal Exchange Rate (RIER) of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - RIER index of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted average index of the Real Internal Exchange Rate (RIER) of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
      - RIER index of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
    - Weighted average index of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - REER indices of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted average index of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
      - REER index of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
    - Weighted average index of the price of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - Price index of the 5 majors exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted average index of price of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
      - Price index of the 5 majors exported manufactured products
- Durability and resistance to vulnerabilities
  - Economical vulnerability
    - Exposure
      - Population size
      - exports concentration
      - share of agriculture, forestry and fishery in GDP
    - Shocks
      - Victims of natural disasters
      - Instability of agricultural production
      - Instability of exports of good and services
  - Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI)
    - Risks related to progresssive shocks
      - Share of floods areas
      - Increasing aridity
    - Risks related to the intensification of recurrent shocks
      - Temperature shocks
      - Rainfall shocks
      - Storms
  - Internal Violence Index (IVI)
    - Internal armed conflicts
      - Deaths due to internal armed conflict
      - Internally displaced people
    - Criminality-homicides
    - Terrorism
      - Terrorist incidents
      - Deaths due to terrorism
      - injuries due to terrorism
    - Political violence
      - intensity of violence during regime changes
      - Intensity of violence caused by genocide and politicide
    - Regional violence
- Revealed competitivenes and economic performances
  - - Weighted market shares index of the 5 major exported primary products (except oil and ores)
      - Market shares index of the 5 major exported primary products (except oil and ores)
    - Weighted market shares index of the 5 major exported manufactured products
      - Market shares index of the 5 major exported manufactured products
    - Weighted average market share index (all primary exports)
    - Weighted average market share index (all manufactured exports)
    - Overall market share index (all primary exports)
    - Overall market share index (all manufactured exports)

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Risks related to the intensification of recurrent shocks

Lower middle income: 62Ethiopia: 60

2020

Breakdown by component

2020	Lower middle income	Ethiopia
Risks related to the intensification of recurrent shocks	62	60
Temperature shocks Lower middle income: 81Ethiopia: 77	81	77
Rainfall shocks Lower middle income: 69Ethiopia: 69	69	69
Storms Lower middle income: 2Ethiopia: 0	2	0

Lower middle income and Ethiopia

Lower middle income

Ethiopia

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Risks related to the intensification of recurrent shocks

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